I will try and help address these three subjects first.... and, let me be clear, I am not a gunsmith and the last thing you want is me working on something as I tend to destroy more than I can possibly fix. In addition to this, I know very little about anything once you leave a Winchester M70 action. If it is not a Winchester M70, I know little or nothing. Keep this in mind as we discuss these things..........
I see standard length action mentioned quite a bit here....... In many cases, it is not the actual length, but the width of the magazine box and other associated designs that go with it..... For example lets look first at the WSM Winchester M70 action, designed for the WSM cartridges, which are a good bit wider than standard H&H Based cases, or standard cases for that length in 308 Winchester. One cannot take a 308 based Winchester and turn it into a and use a WSM width case, it just will not function or retain properly. There are a hell of a lot of modifications to the action to get it to work with the WSM cases........ I based my standard RUM based cartridges off of using the WSM action. These are all 2.240 inch RUM cases in 9.3, 416, 458, and 50 B&M (.500 caliber)
So if
@matt85 wants a .510 in a standard length it is going to have to be a larger, fatter cartridge to handle the .510 caliber taper and still function, and therefore have to be a wider as well action.
All of my 500s are actual true .500 caliber........ They are not .510. This worked out better for the rifle I wanted to use, Winchester M70 actions. As stated for all the standard B&Ms this was the WSM action, already designed for the various small caliber WSMs, they were relatively easy to work with the larger calibers in RUM, and in addition no bolt face work or redesign was required. I basically started with the Rifle I wanted, and then proceeded to design the cartridge and what would work the easiest in .500 caliber, all the other calibers came after.
Later working with the 500 MDM, a full 2.8 inch RUM case, I used the RUM Based Winchester in 300 RUM....... once again, a very modified Winchester action designed for the larger diameter case in RUM as opposed to the H&H Based actions. Big differences I am told, so much so that it is not reasonable and in some cases just not possible to get around. We looked at converting a H&H based Win M70 to the 500 MDM and it was deemed not reasonable by more than one real gunsmith... So, we were stuck with using the very modified M70 for the RUM cartridge, and has worked fine, although these are getting harder to come by these days. I am not sure if Montana is still around or not, but I had them build two RUM actions and they worked great as well, but they were designed for the RUM case....... The 500 MDM is true .500 caliber, and can run 500 gr bullets to over 2400 fps in 20 inch barrels...... With todays Bullet Tech, there is no need for heavier bullets to get more than enough penetration for any mission required. However, there are some 550 gr designs and the 500 MDM can run those to 2250 fps and remain at 61000 PSI.
I see 500 B&M mentioned, this is a 2.5 inch RUM case, still on the longer Winchester RUM action. This was an experiment I was conducting with Talon Tipped Safari Raptors. A Talon Tipped Raptor will hold about a 125-150 fps advantage in velocity at 50 yards over a Raptor that is not tipped. This means that while it might start a little slower than a 500 MDM can run a non tipped Raptor, it would gain advantage at 50 yard impact velocity. This turned out to be more or less true.
View attachment 552724
Now, truth is, I wanted a little lighter barrel contour for the 500 B&M and in addition shorter barrel, at 18 inches, this made the Rifle a long action RUM based, very near the same weight and length as the standard 50 B&M with its WSM action. Using the same smaller diameter barrel contour and same 18 inch length, the 2.5 inch RUM case really performed above its pay grade, while still maintaining its quick handling and easy to carry all day....... The 500 B&M is capable of 500 gr Bullets at 2250 fps at or less than 60000 PSI. But, I used Bullet Tech and 450 gr bullets to enhance its capabilities at 2400 fps and using a 410 Talon Tipped Raptor at just over 2500 fps for buffalo busting. This proved to be a very potent package...... In addition I had CEB make a 525 gr #13 Solid, and this is an extreme deep diving solid in .500 caliber, in 500 B&M and its 18 inch barrel we can run this at 2150 fps or so at 54000-58000 PSI depending on powder, this would be an extreme for knocking elephant flat from all angles... and in a very compact package.......
The 500 B&M was never a listed cartridge on the Website, and to date there are only two of them, and I have both on hand. Honestly, it may be my favorite of all the .500 calibers I have developed.
This is my Mrytle Stock 500 B&M.......
View attachment 552725
I can talk Winchester, and it would be somewhat of a chore to find a cartridge that has enough taper to use .510 caliber. And really just not needed, as there are now far far more bullets available in .500 caliber than ever in .510...........from 300 gr to 550 gr.........
Stated earlier, I can't speak with any sort of knowledge concerning other actions that might be used for a project......... most .510 caliber cartridges would have to be larger and require a larger action I think.................