Hummer
AH senior member
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There are several ways to evaluate a rifle in my opinion that you may need in a SHTF situation.
1. The main question is this. What design will last the longest without maintenance support? i.e. be capable of firing the most number of rounds day in and day out with little or no maintenance? Chrome barrels will eventually flake off the right piece and the accuracy will deteriorate. CIP I once went to a funeral and bought a rifle before I left the cemetery. Got home and put a bore scope down the barrel and the chrome was pitted from one end to other. It was a SKS. I dumped it for a profit. Chicom ammo is generally corrosive which is I am sure what it was fed in a previous life. CIP don't depend on COMBLOC ammo. I would not consider a gas operated rifle as that is a situation waiting to go south quickly.
2. What will be the easiest to maintain in the field WITHOUT SPECIALTY TOOLS? Basically if you need more than a Leatherman Wave it will be iffy. A Leatherman Surge would be better. I carry a Wave for day to day things but a Surge has a big blade that will be better for action screws and I have both.
3. What will it require a very minimum of spare parts to keep it going? At a minimum a spare striker (firing pin), striker spring, extractor, (maybe a ejector) Your immediate thought should be if " I was out right now, had the part, could I put it in with a Leatherman Tool or better yet NO TOOLS?"
4. Can it accommodate subsonic cast bullet loads without incurring maintenance issues? There is likely to be situations where it will not be a good idea to touch off a center fire rifle than can be heard miles away when you are hunting for food because of the tendency to alert potential hostile visits. You need to be able to cast bullets with sufficient weight to achieve significant penetration for best terminal effects for a kill. Bullets weighing 200+ grains launched at 1100 FPS will probably be your minimum to achieve a through and through terminal delivery. Living things die as a result of a loss of blood and two holes (in and out) leak twice as fast as one hole per Col Fackler MD of the Army Wound Ballistics Lab.
5. What is the longest effective range with jacketed full performance ammo that incorporates 1 and 2,3 and 4 above will your rifle be capable of?
6. If you have a shot at say 300 yards on game can you be reasonably certain you can make the shot? If you can't hit it you can't kill it. At a bare minimum your choice should be able to knock over a 12" sq X 1"thick piece of steel plate at 300 yards.
7. The US Army Infantry board used to have a requirement that a rifle be capable of being used as a step to help troops over walls and into window openings etc. Such a capability would more likely be beneficial if you fell on your weapon. When the M16 came out that requirement mysteriously disappeared because the military wanted to please those who wanted to please the politicians. ARs are the most prone to break in half in a fall breaking off the rear ring on the lower receiver.
8. Can your selection be hardened up to achieve such? Say your wanting a bolt action rifle, the weak part of the stock is the area just to the rear of the receiver. Plastic stocks coming now on factory rifles can't be bedded well as no glue will stick to them. (Hint: I knew a stock designer at Remington (passed now) and he designed them and he confirmed no glue would adhere to them thus no bedding material. Wood stocks can be had and some of the grip areas are pretty thin. You can take a long 1/4" drill and run it down through the pistol grip and insert a piece of ALL THREAD 1/4" rod GROUND FLAT ON ONE SIDE and a screw slot cut in the end. Prior to insertion of rod pour in Devcon Two Ton Epoxy and insert the rod. The rod will start to compress the epoxy and it will be forced to the bottom and sides of the hole and then want to escape and can do so along the flat ground area where the threads are ground down on one side of the rod. Insert rod with a screwdriver in the slot turning the rod as it goes in. You should see epoxy coming out the hole when the All Thread contacts the bottom. If not back it out quickly and add more epoxy. Let it sit up over night and you can pretty well forget a the stock break there. Even better get a design with a laminated wood stock and do the rod enhancement.
9. Does the rifle you are considering have stripper clip reloadability or detachable box magazine? Most hunting rifles these days are 4 in 1. Four rounds in mag and with a little finger finesse you can insert the 5th round. If you are hunting this may be acceptable but if you are placed in a defensive situation the ability to reload in a hurry can be detrimental to your situation. IMHO you need a rifle you can on command pick up and load five rounds in, fire them, reload five and fire them in no more than 60 seconds. The WW1 battle rifles had this capability on both sides with the Brits having the capability of loading ten rounds at one time in the SMLE rifles.
10. What is your plan to mount a fire control system? This is the military terminology for sights. Most iron sights will not allow you to engage a 6" target at 300 yards unless the light is very good and you have excellent eyesight of 20-20 or better. If you are considering iron sights go out in the woods and set up a dark colored target at 300 yards and walk off while looking back frequently. When you can't see it measure the distance to the target. Thus optics should be considered. Receiver mounted scopes inhibit your ability to reload in a hurry unless you have a detachable box mag on your rifle. Most detachable box mags have 4, 5, 6 or 10 round capability and these can be very pricey. That means optics with lower power as you need light gathering ability in order to be able to separate your target from the surroundings. I like scopes with low power and the largest front lenses I can find. No more than 2-7X. I have some scopes that are 1X which will give you much more clarification than iron sights.
11. You can get scope mounts that will allow you to mount long eye relief scopes (Scout or Pistol) on your barrel. They are pricey but functional. These make for quicker aiming or in the words of Gen Nathan Bedford Forrest when asked about how is troops were so effective? He said, "Get there the firstest with the mostest." Gen Robert E. Lee was asked which was his best general and he said Forrest.
12. You need to be able to place a plastic cap on your muzzle because a dropped rifle, fall etc can present you with a muzzle full of dirt which you do not want to fire with that in place. A good source for these are known as cap plugs and they come in different diameters and colors. You want a snug fit when slid over your muzzle. If you have lots of time you can remove the cap, if you have an emergency aim and fire. If you can't get a cap plug the diameter of your muzzle wrap the muzzle with tap to increase the diameter and slide the cap plug on. A 16MM cap plug will fit on many sporting barrel weights with muzzles of .600 to .625 diameter. These plugs might weigh an ounce for several dozen so lay them in and carry spares. Bottom line is you can keep a barrel going a long time if it is protected from dirt, moisture and in the South dirt dobbers.
Lets say you do get a muzzle full of dirt, a pull through string cleaning rod won't dislodge rammed in dirt. It is going to take a jointed rod to accomplish this. Military cleaning rods are generally made of steel, they generally don't assemble straight and used improperly may destroy the accuracy capability of your rifle in one pass especially if inserted from the muzzle. I have found a three piece brass cleaning rod at Wally World that appears to be ideal for 22 cal up.
13.What kind of sling do you intend to use? Forget leather. A cheap sling that will last forever is the black rough weave silent slings made for the M16 rifle that can be had for a nominal price. I have seen them for 2.00. If you have one of the military green cotton slings that is tired or breaks you can replace the cotton material with the silent sling material, sew it up just like the green one. They don't rot and are extremely strong and won't slide off your shoulder and should hold up for years and can also be used as a tourniquet.
14. What are you going to attach your sling to? I purchase M1903 sling swivels, inlet stocks and mount them and they are secured by two screws. Mount the front one at an appropriate place there so you can shoot prone supported by your sling. Mount the rear one on the side of the stock about 1" forward of the buttplate. If you are right handed place sling swivel on left side of stock. Opposite if side if you are a lefty. This will allow you to carry rifle muzzle down and butt of rifle slightly below your shoulder and under a poncho or zeltbahn keeping your rifle clean and dry and not snag on tree limbs you may duck under. It will present a image that you are unarmed to personnel at a distance as the rifle will be close to your side and not silhouette itself.
15. Lets say you have your selected cleaning rod. What are you going to clean our weapon with? Liquid bore cleaner can be totally gone in seconds when knocked over.
There is the single point screw in studs. The only sling hardware acceptable for these is the Uncle Mikes milspec swivels or the Mossy sling swivels that take 1 1/4" wide slings as they are the most durable I have seen to date except the 1903 sling swivels.
As a final protective finish get Sandstrom 28A and paint your rifle with it. Don't worry about getting it in spray cans, get the paint on variety. You need to agitate with very well to suspend the molybdenum disulphide while you paint your metal. I do this by making taking L shaped wire about 1/8" thick, bend it 90 degrees and place other end in variable speed electric drill. Mix contents well to suspend the contents that settle quickly to bottom of can. All the metal on your rifle will now be a very dark gray.
If you muzzle is in the neighborhood of 5/8" or thicker you can have your muzzle threaded 1/2X28" then screw on a M16 flash suppressor and use M16 muzzle covers. If your rifle is bigger than 22 cal open the inside up to clear larger caliber bullets. Thus your crown is better protected and the chances of having your position exposed by flash signature is greatly reduced. The basic rule again here is if you can be seen you can be hit.
If you have made the right decisions on rifle and assembly you should be able to perform the following:
Set a candidate rifle out on a bench and shoot it one round a week and never clean it. Let it get rained on, don't ever clean it, don't lube it, don't ever leave wet ammo in the chamber the moisture will create galvanic action and pit your chamber. In other words treat it like you could not care for it just like you are in a SHTF scenario. Zero it at say 300 yards on a 6" plate and your one shot per week aim for the plate and see if you hit it.
Bottom line is there are very few weapons that will get along with little or no care and therefore the one you choose you are in a sense betting your life on and if you have one that is likely to need parts are you going to carry them which begs the question of whether can you put them in yourself with no tools? If you happen to live near the ocean the salt atmosphere is going to play havoc with your choice as well.
16. Choice of calibers. This will give you are pretty good idea of caliber selection.
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/19XN_ck8dsmb_F3uL10AxZYryvVEcxVTa?usp=sharing
Note: If you have the ability to reload your chances of keeping your weapon going for many years is significantly enhanced if you have components laid in.
1. The main question is this. What design will last the longest without maintenance support? i.e. be capable of firing the most number of rounds day in and day out with little or no maintenance? Chrome barrels will eventually flake off the right piece and the accuracy will deteriorate. CIP I once went to a funeral and bought a rifle before I left the cemetery. Got home and put a bore scope down the barrel and the chrome was pitted from one end to other. It was a SKS. I dumped it for a profit. Chicom ammo is generally corrosive which is I am sure what it was fed in a previous life. CIP don't depend on COMBLOC ammo. I would not consider a gas operated rifle as that is a situation waiting to go south quickly.
2. What will be the easiest to maintain in the field WITHOUT SPECIALTY TOOLS? Basically if you need more than a Leatherman Wave it will be iffy. A Leatherman Surge would be better. I carry a Wave for day to day things but a Surge has a big blade that will be better for action screws and I have both.
3. What will it require a very minimum of spare parts to keep it going? At a minimum a spare striker (firing pin), striker spring, extractor, (maybe a ejector) Your immediate thought should be if " I was out right now, had the part, could I put it in with a Leatherman Tool or better yet NO TOOLS?"
4. Can it accommodate subsonic cast bullet loads without incurring maintenance issues? There is likely to be situations where it will not be a good idea to touch off a center fire rifle than can be heard miles away when you are hunting for food because of the tendency to alert potential hostile visits. You need to be able to cast bullets with sufficient weight to achieve significant penetration for best terminal effects for a kill. Bullets weighing 200+ grains launched at 1100 FPS will probably be your minimum to achieve a through and through terminal delivery. Living things die as a result of a loss of blood and two holes (in and out) leak twice as fast as one hole per Col Fackler MD of the Army Wound Ballistics Lab.
5. What is the longest effective range with jacketed full performance ammo that incorporates 1 and 2,3 and 4 above will your rifle be capable of?
6. If you have a shot at say 300 yards on game can you be reasonably certain you can make the shot? If you can't hit it you can't kill it. At a bare minimum your choice should be able to knock over a 12" sq X 1"thick piece of steel plate at 300 yards.
7. The US Army Infantry board used to have a requirement that a rifle be capable of being used as a step to help troops over walls and into window openings etc. Such a capability would more likely be beneficial if you fell on your weapon. When the M16 came out that requirement mysteriously disappeared because the military wanted to please those who wanted to please the politicians. ARs are the most prone to break in half in a fall breaking off the rear ring on the lower receiver.
8. Can your selection be hardened up to achieve such? Say your wanting a bolt action rifle, the weak part of the stock is the area just to the rear of the receiver. Plastic stocks coming now on factory rifles can't be bedded well as no glue will stick to them. (Hint: I knew a stock designer at Remington (passed now) and he designed them and he confirmed no glue would adhere to them thus no bedding material. Wood stocks can be had and some of the grip areas are pretty thin. You can take a long 1/4" drill and run it down through the pistol grip and insert a piece of ALL THREAD 1/4" rod GROUND FLAT ON ONE SIDE and a screw slot cut in the end. Prior to insertion of rod pour in Devcon Two Ton Epoxy and insert the rod. The rod will start to compress the epoxy and it will be forced to the bottom and sides of the hole and then want to escape and can do so along the flat ground area where the threads are ground down on one side of the rod. Insert rod with a screwdriver in the slot turning the rod as it goes in. You should see epoxy coming out the hole when the All Thread contacts the bottom. If not back it out quickly and add more epoxy. Let it sit up over night and you can pretty well forget a the stock break there. Even better get a design with a laminated wood stock and do the rod enhancement.
9. Does the rifle you are considering have stripper clip reloadability or detachable box magazine? Most hunting rifles these days are 4 in 1. Four rounds in mag and with a little finger finesse you can insert the 5th round. If you are hunting this may be acceptable but if you are placed in a defensive situation the ability to reload in a hurry can be detrimental to your situation. IMHO you need a rifle you can on command pick up and load five rounds in, fire them, reload five and fire them in no more than 60 seconds. The WW1 battle rifles had this capability on both sides with the Brits having the capability of loading ten rounds at one time in the SMLE rifles.
10. What is your plan to mount a fire control system? This is the military terminology for sights. Most iron sights will not allow you to engage a 6" target at 300 yards unless the light is very good and you have excellent eyesight of 20-20 or better. If you are considering iron sights go out in the woods and set up a dark colored target at 300 yards and walk off while looking back frequently. When you can't see it measure the distance to the target. Thus optics should be considered. Receiver mounted scopes inhibit your ability to reload in a hurry unless you have a detachable box mag on your rifle. Most detachable box mags have 4, 5, 6 or 10 round capability and these can be very pricey. That means optics with lower power as you need light gathering ability in order to be able to separate your target from the surroundings. I like scopes with low power and the largest front lenses I can find. No more than 2-7X. I have some scopes that are 1X which will give you much more clarification than iron sights.
11. You can get scope mounts that will allow you to mount long eye relief scopes (Scout or Pistol) on your barrel. They are pricey but functional. These make for quicker aiming or in the words of Gen Nathan Bedford Forrest when asked about how is troops were so effective? He said, "Get there the firstest with the mostest." Gen Robert E. Lee was asked which was his best general and he said Forrest.
12. You need to be able to place a plastic cap on your muzzle because a dropped rifle, fall etc can present you with a muzzle full of dirt which you do not want to fire with that in place. A good source for these are known as cap plugs and they come in different diameters and colors. You want a snug fit when slid over your muzzle. If you have lots of time you can remove the cap, if you have an emergency aim and fire. If you can't get a cap plug the diameter of your muzzle wrap the muzzle with tap to increase the diameter and slide the cap plug on. A 16MM cap plug will fit on many sporting barrel weights with muzzles of .600 to .625 diameter. These plugs might weigh an ounce for several dozen so lay them in and carry spares. Bottom line is you can keep a barrel going a long time if it is protected from dirt, moisture and in the South dirt dobbers.
Lets say you do get a muzzle full of dirt, a pull through string cleaning rod won't dislodge rammed in dirt. It is going to take a jointed rod to accomplish this. Military cleaning rods are generally made of steel, they generally don't assemble straight and used improperly may destroy the accuracy capability of your rifle in one pass especially if inserted from the muzzle. I have found a three piece brass cleaning rod at Wally World that appears to be ideal for 22 cal up.
13.What kind of sling do you intend to use? Forget leather. A cheap sling that will last forever is the black rough weave silent slings made for the M16 rifle that can be had for a nominal price. I have seen them for 2.00. If you have one of the military green cotton slings that is tired or breaks you can replace the cotton material with the silent sling material, sew it up just like the green one. They don't rot and are extremely strong and won't slide off your shoulder and should hold up for years and can also be used as a tourniquet.
14. What are you going to attach your sling to? I purchase M1903 sling swivels, inlet stocks and mount them and they are secured by two screws. Mount the front one at an appropriate place there so you can shoot prone supported by your sling. Mount the rear one on the side of the stock about 1" forward of the buttplate. If you are right handed place sling swivel on left side of stock. Opposite if side if you are a lefty. This will allow you to carry rifle muzzle down and butt of rifle slightly below your shoulder and under a poncho or zeltbahn keeping your rifle clean and dry and not snag on tree limbs you may duck under. It will present a image that you are unarmed to personnel at a distance as the rifle will be close to your side and not silhouette itself.
15. Lets say you have your selected cleaning rod. What are you going to clean our weapon with? Liquid bore cleaner can be totally gone in seconds when knocked over.
There is the single point screw in studs. The only sling hardware acceptable for these is the Uncle Mikes milspec swivels or the Mossy sling swivels that take 1 1/4" wide slings as they are the most durable I have seen to date except the 1903 sling swivels.
As a final protective finish get Sandstrom 28A and paint your rifle with it. Don't worry about getting it in spray cans, get the paint on variety. You need to agitate with very well to suspend the molybdenum disulphide while you paint your metal. I do this by making taking L shaped wire about 1/8" thick, bend it 90 degrees and place other end in variable speed electric drill. Mix contents well to suspend the contents that settle quickly to bottom of can. All the metal on your rifle will now be a very dark gray.
If you muzzle is in the neighborhood of 5/8" or thicker you can have your muzzle threaded 1/2X28" then screw on a M16 flash suppressor and use M16 muzzle covers. If your rifle is bigger than 22 cal open the inside up to clear larger caliber bullets. Thus your crown is better protected and the chances of having your position exposed by flash signature is greatly reduced. The basic rule again here is if you can be seen you can be hit.
If you have made the right decisions on rifle and assembly you should be able to perform the following:
Set a candidate rifle out on a bench and shoot it one round a week and never clean it. Let it get rained on, don't ever clean it, don't lube it, don't ever leave wet ammo in the chamber the moisture will create galvanic action and pit your chamber. In other words treat it like you could not care for it just like you are in a SHTF scenario. Zero it at say 300 yards on a 6" plate and your one shot per week aim for the plate and see if you hit it.
Bottom line is there are very few weapons that will get along with little or no care and therefore the one you choose you are in a sense betting your life on and if you have one that is likely to need parts are you going to carry them which begs the question of whether can you put them in yourself with no tools? If you happen to live near the ocean the salt atmosphere is going to play havoc with your choice as well.
16. Choice of calibers. This will give you are pretty good idea of caliber selection.
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/19XN_ck8dsmb_F3uL10AxZYryvVEcxVTa?usp=sharing
Note: If you have the ability to reload your chances of keeping your weapon going for many years is significantly enhanced if you have components laid in.