As to tipping in Europe, I have the following reflections to make as a Belgian:
- For most services that are provided, no tips will be expected, nor required.
- An exception would be for restaurants, where a few euro's to show your appreciation, up to 20 Euro for the table in a non-michelin starred restaurant would be considered a very nice tip. In michelin starred restaurants, it can be a % of the total bill of the table. Usually this tip is paid by one person of the table ( not the person who paid the bill itself)
- One big exception, where tips are also definitely required, is in the hunting context. Often called "the chapeau". This is French for "The hat", as in, after a (driven) hunt would be over, the hunting master who organised the hunt, will go around with his hat to collect the tips from everyone, the total sum being then divided over the beaters, houndsmen, etc. This tip is non-negotiable and it would be in very very bad form, not to have a few bills on you to pay this up. On all the hunts I have ever been, this "chapeau" was 50€ per hunter, per day, which then gets divided over everyone who helped out. In the case of a one-on-one hunt, going for a specific trophy animal, a good translation of this would be about 100€ per day, for the PH, if it is truly exceptional, perhaps a little extra.