My issue is not an ethical one. I hunt whitetail deer in northeastern Michigan. Very dense forest, low numbers of animals. Hunting over bait is considered (by most) ethical. My question was whether this was the most common technique for hunting game in Africa today and if still successfully done without water and bait, where would be those places?
It all depends on where you are and how limited access to a good water source is. Even as tough as the African animals are they will all come to water once a day at least if they can so if water is limited your odds of finding there, or heading to/from a trough or windmill is very high.
We hunted just about every way you can imagine on my recent trip and while I get bored and uncomfortable just sitting in a blind we even did some of that.
My preference is for spot and stalk or walk and stalk type hunting but many factors come into play in deciding which is the best method for where you are and what you are hunting that day.
We did a whole lot of "Diesel Stalking" meaning driving around and spotting a likely suspect or herd and then would generally drive well past them and get out and let someone else take the truck on. We'd then begin the foot stalk.
In many areas the game will be spread out over vast acreages so you have to either cover a lot of country yourself or have an outfitter that sends out scouts to help give you the best chances of success.
As stated above by another poster, spend some time talking about the various types of hunts, your preferences, and what they offer and are comfortable with.
I had one rather unpleasant day with one PH because he was just flat out rude, condescending and refused to even listen to me and I've been in this business longer than he's been on the planet.
Out of everyone we did business with he was the only problem so I feel pretty fortunate particularly since once I'd had enough of his BS I had a very blunt talk with him.
Funny thing was when we decided to do it my way we very quickly found ourselves in the middle of some nice stalks and shooting opportunities.
Communication before the hunt will always be a huge benefit to you.