Gizmo, I am wondering in your opinion from a conservation point of view is it better to shoot a mature animal that is in its prime or to shoot an immature animal? I mean I am pretty sure its quite clear that shooting an animal well past its prime is the best for conservation as that animal has passed on its genes and is longer doing so and depending on the species it might actually pose a threat to younger breeding or not yet breeding individuals. And the character some of these trophies from such animals is pretty damn cool. However a mature animal in its prime (especially if it is an exceptional representative of the species) is actually passing on its genes the most during that point in its life and is at its full potential. Now the younger or immature animal may have a lot of potential but there is no guarantee it will make it to maturity. A lot of animals face some of their highest death rates during their first years as they still may not have the size and strength to fight off potential predators that they would have in adulthood and they also lack the "wisdom" for lack of a better word that a mature animal has when it comes to escaping predators, finding food etc... So would the likelihood that they will survive and breed next year or two years from now be lower than that of the mature animal in its prime? My apologies if this question is stupid or some of the stuff that I've written is but I am genuinely curious about this...
Actually quite the opposite, you pose a very good question. Now I can say the vast majority of my experience is in whitetail and mule deer in the Texas panhandle. Books can and have been written answering your exact question. The state of Texas has spent millions of dollars in studies answering that question as well. Point being that is a very good question.
I will readily admit I am no expert with a doctorate in wildlife biology but I have taken several classes on this subject, attended several seminars, and worked with the state biologist on my ranch who sets our management plan for the last 5 years.
I'll take a shot though and try to answer without writing a book.
First, an animal will never reach its potential unless given sufficient time to do so. I.e peak maturity. Now whitetail deer tend to reach this level at 5 1/2 years of age, mule deer at 6 1/2. (Mule deer mature later than whitetail). So unless allowed to live that long you never really know what you've got. Studies on the kwma have shown that even spike deer at 3 1/2 years old can grow to be very nice "trophy" deer. Reason being is it isn't necessarily a result of genetics. Late fawn birth, drought, poor food sources, high stress, and many other things play a huge factor into antler growth.
Also, just because an animal is young doesn't mean it isn't actively breeding. The fact is that deer begin to breed at 1 1/2 years old or their first hard horned year. Deer breed more the first half of their life then they do the last as breeding and the rut take a huge toll on the animal each year. After time the animal begins putting more effort into sustaining life than breeding. (I.e post mature animals)
By removing only mature animals the benefits are twofold. 1) the animal has the opportunity to reach full potential and 2) by removing those mature animals it ensures the younger generations have the oppurtunity to breed thus keeping a strong and healthy herd.
By shooting immature animals you are making absolute certain that the up and coming generations have no chance to breed and contribute to the gene pool.
It's much like anything else you can only use one particular set of genes so long before it can start causing problems. ( yes there are exceptions and much depends on what end goals in a management program are but even those who use sire bucks over and over must mix it up a bit before genetic problems begin to be exposed).
One thing is for certain, a certain way of destroying a population is to start targeting immature animals. Now culling can be a beneficial tool, there are two main types of culling 1) population control and 2) genetic removal. Population control is typically (on North American deer populations) done by the removal of femal animals as that provides the ends without damaging the herd if done properly. Specifically with out upsetting the target buck to doe ratio's. In most cases if not all it is to improve the buck to doe ratio and bring the herd back to balance.
Now genetic removal would be removing those male animals that show certain traits that are less desirable. This is only moderately successful and many other things must be done over the long term to work as the female carries 50% of the genes. This is generally the last part of the management program and is still only done on mature animals as a general rule.
I hope this helped and before I get a million responses talking about the specifics of this and that my intent was to give a cliff notes answer without writing a 100 page thesis on animal management and biology.
Dragon N there is, with very few exceptions, no so such thing as a stupid question. If you have any other questions or would like further explanations I will be happy to answer if I can. If I don't know the answer which can be very likely depending on how technical you get I can certainly try and find out for you as I have a pretty good working relationship with the state biologist for my area and they use my ranch at times for research. ( we have a research project starting next month on our panhandle mule deer on my place and those surrounding me) I can also point you in the right direction if you would like some books and articles on the subject. Thanks, Erik